Uterine polyps are non-cancerous tissue growths that develop from the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, and extend into its cavity. While the exact cause remains unknown, these polyps can form due to high oestrogen levels. They tend to grow faster during pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives and oestrogen replacement therapy. Although most uterine polyps are benign, those that appear in women during or after menopause may carry a risk of becoming cancerous. Uterine polyps are more common in women aged 40 to 50, but they can occasionally affect younger women, including those under 20. Factors like obesity, uncontrolled hypertension, and certain breast cancer treatments can increase the risk of developing polyps.
If you’re looking for expert advice on polyp uterus treatment in London, it’s important to seek specialised care to manage the condition.
Symptoms of Uterine Polyps
While a typical period lasts four to seven days, normal cycles usually occur every 28 days but can range between 21 and 35 days. Those with uterine polyps often experience irregular periods.
Common symptoms of uterine polyps include:
- Irregular menstrual cycles with unpredictable timing and flow.
- Heavier-than-usual menstrual bleeding.
- Spotting or bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
- Difficulty conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy.
- Vaginal spotting or bleeding post-menopause (blood may appear red, pink, or brown).
- Bleeding after intercourse.
A private gynaecologist in London may detect asymptomatic polyps while examining another issue. Occasionally, polyps can prolapse through the cervix, which connects the vagina to the uterus. In such cases, the polyp may be visible during a routine physical exam.
Causes of Uterine Polyps
While the exact cause of uterine polyps remains unclear, hormone levels, particularly oestrogen, likely play a key role. Oestrogen stimulates the thickening of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, which may contribute to polyp development. Several risk factors for uterine polyps are linked to prolonged exposure to high levels of oestrogen.
Diagnosis of Uterine Polyps
A gynaecologist in London typically diagnoses uterine polyps by reviewing your medical history and assessing your symptoms. Diagnostic tests such as transvaginal ultrasound, sonohysterography, hysteroscopy, biopsy, and curettage may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Smaller polyps that cause no issues don’t always need removal but should be monitored every six months to track their development. However, if the polyps lead to pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, or if you’ve had a miscarriage in the past, polyp removal (polypectomy) may be necessary. A gynaecologist can often perform a polypectomy in the office using hysteroscopy, where a long, thin rod with a video camera and light (hysteroscope) is gently inserted through the vagina and cervix to locate and remove the polyp using a small pair of scissors.
Larger polyps usually require hospital treatment under general anaesthesia. In such cases, laparoscopy, combined with hysteroscopy, may be performed. During this procedure, a laparoscope, a long, rigid tube with a camera and light, is inserted through a small incision near the belly button. Special instruments are then used to remove the polyp safely.
Polyp Uterus Treatment in London
The approach to polyp uterus treatment in London depends on your symptoms and any factors that raise the risk of uterine cancer. If you’re still in your reproductive years and the polyp isn’t causing any issues, your doctor may choose to monitor it rather than intervene, as polyps can sometimes resolve by itself. However, if you’ve gone through menopause or are experiencing symptoms, treatment may be required.
Treatment options include:
- Medications: Hormone-balancing drugs like progestins or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists can help manage symptoms, though they may return once the medication is stopped.
- Uterine Polypectomy: During a hysteroscopy, your doctor can precisely remove the polyp, using a hysteroscope to visualise and excise it. This method allows the tissue to be tested for cancer.
If a polyp is found to be cancerous, further surgery, such as a hysterectomy, may be necessary to remove the uterus.
Who Needs Uterine Polyp Removal?
Women experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding, recurrent miscarriages, infertility, or pelvic pain and pressure should consult their healthcare provider about testing for endometrial polyps and whether removal is necessary. While less common in women under 35, anyone with these symptoms should speak to their doctor to explore the possibility of uterine polyps.
If left untreated, uterine polyps may lead to issues like heavy or irregular bleeding, pain during intercourse, or infertility. A minor, minimally invasive procedure can remove these polyps with minimal side effects.
Do all uterine polyps require removal?
It depends. If you’re pre-menopausal and symptom-free, the polyp is usually considered low-risk and may not need removal. However, if you’re post-menopausal or experiencing symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, your doctor may recommend removing it. Polyps may also need to be removed if they could interfere with pregnancy or affect your fertility.
Is Uterine Polyp Removal Painful?
Uterine polyp removal might seem intimidating due to its invasive nature, but with proper preparation and modern techniques, it doesn’t have to be painful.
Some women may experience mild cramping or slight discomfort during the procedure, often caused by the pressure from the uterine manipulator. However, local anaesthetics or other medications are typically available to minimise or eliminate any pain.
By carefully evaluating each case and selecting the most appropriate method, medical professionals can ensure a comfortable and pain-free experience.
Final Thoughts
Uterine polyp removal may seem daunting. But with proper preparation and modern treatments, it can be a much smoother experience. Most women feel minimal discomfort during the procedure and can return to their usual activities within a day or two.
If you’ve been diagnosed with uterine polyps, contact the Top Gynaecologist in London for expert guidance on the best treatment options. They will offer tailored advice to ensure your polyp uterus treatment in London is as comfortable as possible.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1) Are uterine polyps painful?
While large polyps may cause a dull ache in the abdomen or lower back, similar to menstrual cramps, pain isn’t a typical symptom of uterine polyps.
Q2) Is uterine polyp removal painful?
Before the procedure, your provider will give you medication to prevent pain during the surgery, though you might still feel some pulling or pressure.
Q3) Can uterine polyps be prevented?
Although you can’t prevent uterine polyps, regular gynaecological checkups can help detect them early, reducing the risk of complications or unpleasant symptoms.
Q4) What percentage of uterine polyps are cancerous?
Only about 5% of uterine polyps are cancerous. The risk increases if you’re postmenopausal or experiencing abnormal bleeding. In some cases, a benign polyp may resemble uterine cancer (endometrial sarcomas) or precancerous growths (endometrial hyperplasia). If needed, your provider can perform a biopsy to rule out cancer.
Q5) Are uterine polyps common?
It’s hard to determine, as many uterine polyps don’t cause symptoms, leaving some undiagnosed. However, research suggests polyps are more common in people who have gone through menopause than in those who haven’t.